1ST PRESIDENT: GEORGE WASHINGTON
Washington proved himself an excellent leader, and won several other decisive battles during the Revolution. In 1781, he helped to formulate the plan that eventually resulted in the defeat of the British army at Yorktown, Virginia and the British surrender. As an advocate of a federal government, Washington became chairman of the Constitutional Convention and helped in getting the Constitution ratified. In 1789, he was inaugurated as America’s first president after refusing to be coronated as king.
Washington was re-elected for a second term in 1792, but refused a third term. On December 14, 1799, seventeen days before the new century, Washington died of acute laryngitis or epiglottitis. Today, George Washington is probably the most honored individual in American history. Numerous cities, towns, highways, monuments, and parks bear his name. The capital of the United States is named after him. He was honored on the first American postage stamp, as well as on the quarter and one dollar bill. He even has a state named after him – Washington, although he never set foot there.
Washington was re-elected for a second term in 1792, but refused a third term. On December 14, 1799, seventeen days before the new century, Washington died of acute laryngitis or epiglottitis. Today, George Washington is probably the most honored individual in American history. Numerous cities, towns, highways, monuments, and parks bear his name. The capital of the United States is named after him. He was honored on the first American postage stamp, as well as on the quarter and one dollar bill. He even has a state named after him – Washington, although he never set foot there.
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ALEXANDER HAMILTON'S ECONOMIC PLAN
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2ND PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS
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development of political parties
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3RD PRESIDENT: THOMAS JEFFERSON
With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic. What was known as Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to the Canadian border in the north. Part or all of 15 states were eventually created from the land deal, which is considered one of the most important achievements of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency.
marbury v. madison = judicial review
The Marbury v. Madison case began with John Adams. The former president attempted to appoint William Marbury as a Justice of the Peace, but failed to complete the formal appointment before his presidency was terminated. As a member of the Federalist Party, John Adams attempted to appoint as many of his fellow Federalists to the cabinet of the President of the United States.
The case of Marbury v. Madison deals with the process of appointing these high-ranking government officials. The appointment procedure for Justices of the Peace required completion within a President’s term. An official appointment had to be made while the President was active in his duties. William Marbury’s appointment was not completed in this timeframe. John Adams’s presidency ended before he could formally appoint Marbury.
The case of Marbury v. Madison deals with the process of appointing these high-ranking government officials. The appointment procedure for Justices of the Peace required completion within a President’s term. An official appointment had to be made while the President was active in his duties. William Marbury’s appointment was not completed in this timeframe. John Adams’s presidency ended before he could formally appoint Marbury.
JAMES MADISON, 4th president
n the War of 1812, the United States took on the greatest naval power in the world, Great Britain, in a conflict that would have an immense impact on the young country’s future. Causes of the war included British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy’s impressment of American seamen and America’s desire to expand its territory. The United States suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American troops over the course of the War of 1812, including the capture and burning of the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., in August 1814. Nonetheless, American troops were able to repulse British invasions in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans, boosting national confidence and fostering a new spirit of patriotism. The ratification of the Treaty of Ghent on February 17, 1815, ended the war but left many of the most contentious questions unresolved.
war of 1812: burning of the white house
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5th president, james monroe
Missouri compromise
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The Monroe Doctrine
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